Most people take medicines only for the reasons their doctors prescribe them. But an estimated 20 percent of people in the United States have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons. This is prescription drug abuse. It is a serious and growing problem.

Abusing some prescription drugs can lead to addiction. You can develop an addiction to:

Narcotic painkillers
Sedatives and tranquilizers
Stimulants
Experts don’t know exactly why this type of drug abuse is increasing. The availability of drugs is probably one reason. Doctors are prescribing more drugs for more health problems than ever before. Online pharmacies make it easy to get prescription drugs without a prescription, even for youngsters.

Some people experiment with prescription drugs because they think they will help them have more fun, lose weight, fit in, and even study more effectively. Prescription drugs can be easier to get than street drugs: Family members or friends could have a prescription. But prescription drugs are also sometimes sold on the street like other illegal drugs. A 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that among all youths aged 12 to 17, 6% had tried prescription drugs for recreational use in the last month.

Why? Some people think that prescription drugs are safer and less addictive than street drugs. After all, these are drugs that moms, dads, and even kid brothers and sisters use. To Angie, taking her brother’s ADHD medicine felt like a good way to keep her appetite in check. She’d heard how bad diet pills can be, and she wrongly thought that the ADHD drugs would be safer.

But prescription drugs are only safe for the individuals who actually have prescriptions for them. That’s because a doctor has examined these people and prescribed the right dose of medication for a specific medical condition. The doctor has also told them exactly how they should take the medicine, including things to avoid while taking the drug — such as drinking alcohol, smoking, or taking other medications. They also are aware of potentially dangerous side effects and can monitor patients closely for these.

Other people who try prescription drugs are like Todd. They think they’re not doing anything illegal because these drugs are prescribed by doctors. But taking drugs without a prescription — or sharing a prescription drug with friends — is actually breaking the law.

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Heroin (Diacetylmorphine) Information: Heroin is the common name of a substance known by the chemical name, diacetylmorphine. Heroin is synthesized from morphine, and morphine is synthesized from opium produced by the plant known by the botanical name Papaver Somniferum (common name opium poppy). Rather than being a different drug, heroin is a method of preparing morphine so that it is absorbed more efficiently by the human body, when injected. If heroin is injected into a human, more morphine will reach the brain than it would if the same amount of morphine were injected. Injecting about 5mg of heroin will produce the same results as injecting 10mg of morphine. Heroin can also be snorted, smoked, or taken orally. However, these other routes of administration are not recommended. They are not as efficient and most of the drug is wasted. If you are not going to inject heroin, an equal amount of morphine will produce similar results. When it is not injected, the heroin is usually totally metabolized by the human body before it can affect the amount of morphine that reaches the brain. So the effects of heroin are nearly the same as an equivalent amount of morphine when snorted, smoked, or taken orally. The time it takes to feel the effects depends on the method of administration. Snorting heroin results in onset within 10-15 minutes. Smoking heroin results in an almost immediate (milder) effect which gets stronger if more is smoked in that particular session. Intravenous injection results in rush and euphoria within 7-8 seconds, intramuscular injection takes about 5-8 minutes. Orally, as when heroin or morphine are ingested in pill form, it can take 60-90 minutes to feel anything. The primary effects of morphine (the main active ingredient in heroin) are a cessation or reduction of pain and/or a euphoric and content feeling. Heroin and morphine use almost always causes constipation, thinking may be slower, and a user may feel nausea or vomit. Opioid itch, an itch caused by taking an opium based drug, may be present. Another physical effect of morphine is respiratory system depression. This makes it an excellent cough suppressant. It is also usually the cause of death in a heroin or morphine overdose. According to the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, an estimated 2.4 million people in the USA used heroin at some time in their lives. Nearly 216,000 of them reported using it within the month preceding the survey. The survey report estimates that there were 141,000 new heroin users in 1995, and that there had been an increasing trend in new heroin use since 1992. A large proportion of the recent new users were smoking, snorting/sniffing heroin, and most were under age 26. The 1996 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), which collects data on drug-related hospital emergency department episodes from 21 metropolitan areas, estimates that 14 percent of all drug-related ED episodes involved heroin. Physical dependence develops with higher doses of the drug. With physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of the drug and withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced abruptly. Symptoms of withdrawal include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps, and leg movements. Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 24 and 48 hours after the last dose of heroin and subside after about a week. Heroin withdrawal is never fatal to otherwise healthy adults, but the psychological effects can be so bad that the user might kill themself, rather than going through withdrawl. To avoid physical addiction heroin should be used once every four days, maximum. If you take it on friday, wait till tuesday or later before doing it again. If you can limit your use to once every four days, physical addiction and tolerance problems are minimized. You will not require larger doses to produce the same results.

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